This observation was in agreement with the reports of other studies where the female gender was found to be a stronger predictor of HS [ 13 ]. A possible explanation for more women with HS might be due to the positive effect of estrogen in the cerebral circulation that can change the physiologic activities of the body and disorders caused by alterations of the normal body functions.
On the other hand, more males had IS than HS. This observed sex difference may be explained by higher prevalence of cardiovascular conditions such as higher blood pressure in men than women of similar age [ 14 ] as well as increased risk factors of stroke such as chat chewing, smoking, and alcohol intake in males.
Subjects with IS had a higher mean age Yet, there was no statistically significant age difference in both IS and HS. This finding was consistent with those reported by other previous studies conducted in the different regions of the world and other regions of Ethiopia [ 4 , 9 , 12 , 15 — 17 ]. Accurate evidence of the arterial territory infarcted after the occlusion of a specific cerebral artery or hematoma after the rapture of arteries provides pertinent information about stroke mechanism and helps the planning of investigations and succeeding therapy.
This observation was in agreement with the results of previous studies which also reported 27 IS cases in the Lausanne Stroke Registry [ 21 ], however, lower than the number in Barcelona, Spain, which reported 51 cases [ 22 ].
Locations of infarctions and hematomas in and on the brain depend on the arterial territory circulations. In this study, infarctions in multiple areas of the brain occurred in Basal ganglia, parietal, and frontal lobes of the cerebrum were the most common sites of infarctions. Furthermore, intracerebral hematomas in multiple areas of the brain were observed in 7. The most commonly found symptom in subjects with IS was loss of sensation and weakness of body parts.
This finding is in agreement with other previous studies, in which arm weakness and leg weakness were found to be the most commonly complained symptoms in patients with IS [ 12 , 23 ]. Hemorrhagic strokes have a wide range of clinical appearances, though acute onset of headache, vomiting, and severe increases in blood pressure are the most prevalent signs and symptoms that lead to localized neurological signs, developing in a few minutes [ 4 , 24 ].
Likewise, the results of our study showed headache and vomiting as the common clinical symptoms in HS patients compared to IS patients. This is in line with other previous studies which reported a mean GCS of But, the minimum scores in our study were 3 and 5 in IS and HS patients, respectively, which were slightly lower than other studies [ 4 ].
The mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures in both IS and HS were measured high and this can make hypertension a common frequently seen risk factor for both IS and HS which agreed with various population and hospital-based studies that reported HTN as the most common risk factor predisposing patients for all subtypes of stroke [ 9 , 10 , 13 , 15 , 25 — 29 ]. Hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke differ according to outcome and risk factors [ 6 ].
In the current study, a high percentage of patients left the hospital against medical advice. This may be related to the high percentage of patients not having formal education Thus, as secondary stroke prevention is of great importance, it is likely that these patients would be lost to follow up, increasing the risk of stroke recurrence. Furthermore, the mortality rate of IS was two times more than that of HS. This result was inconsistent with other pieces of literature in which patients with HS have a higher mortality rate [ 31 ].
There is a continual argument concerning the effect of blood pressure on the outcome of stroke. Some studies report a worse prognosis in patients with markedly elevated blood pressure [ 32 , 33 ]. Ischemic stroke was the common type of stroke in our study hospital. The same proportions of males and females were admitted due to IS; however, more females were admitted for HS.
Hypertension was found to be the most common risk factor in both IS and HS cases. A high rate of mortality was seen in IS cases and most of the cases were hypertensive.
In addition, establishing well-equipped emergency setup is important for patient prognosis and simplify the outcome of the patients.
The results of hospital-based studies could not be inferred to the general population and avoiding bias in retrospective type of study is challenging. The letter was presented to the chief executive officer of Dessie Comprehensive Specialized Hospital.
Hussen Abdu selected the title, crafted and designed the objectives and methods of the study, entered, cleaned, and analyzed the data, and wrote the manuscript. Fentaw Tadese was involved in designing the methodology and editing the manuscript. Girma Seyoum was involved starting from title selection and drafting the methodology to manuscript writing and editing.
The authors would like to recognize the record staff, chief executive officer, and medical director of DRH who allowed them to access the charts of the patients. They also thank data collectors as well as all the study participants whose data were used for this study.
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Article of the Year Award: Outstanding research contributions of , as selected by our Chief Editors. Read the winning articles. Journal overview. Special Issues. Academic Editor: Carol Milligan. Received 09 Mar Accepted 18 Jun Published 28 Jun Abstract Background.
Introduction Stroke or cerebrovascular accident CVA is a highly heterogeneous disorder with distinct subtypes, each presenting specific clinical and epidemiological aspects [ 1 , 2 ]. Methods and Subjects 2. Study Design A cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted among patients admitted to the medical ward of DRH. Source and Study Populations All stroke patients as well as all systematically selected stroke patients admitted to the medical ward of the hospital during the study period were the source and study populations, respectively.
Eligibility Criteria Stroke cases confirmed using CT scan or Magnetic Resonance Imaging MRI and admitted to the medical ward of the hospital during the study period were included in the study. Data Collection Techniques and Procedures To maintain clarity of the data, selected medical records were reviewed and the checklist was prepared after reviewing the charts.
Dependent Variables Stroke subtypes, outcomes of stroke, location of infarcts, and hematomas in the brain were belonging to the dependent variables. Both types of strokes are dangerous and deadly without quick treatment. A stroke, no matter the type or severity, can be devastating. Left untreated, it can cause permanent damage or death. Sozener, M. Doctors will issue a CT scan of the brain, among other tests, to determine what kind of stroke may have occurred. Diagnosis is key to starting quick — and appropriate — treatment to curb blockage or bleeding.
Ischemic strokes occur when blood flow to the brain is blocked by a blood clot. Thrombotic strokes are caused when a blood clot forms in an artery leading to the brain. Embolic strokes begin with a clot forming elsewhere in the body — such as the heart or neck — that breaks loose and travels to the brain. Patients may experience a combination of symptoms that include numbness or weakness on one side of the body or face, trouble speaking and difficulty with vision or balance.
When a locked-in state occurs, the patient is generally unable to speak or move below the neck. In leading causes of U. Now it's fifth. The higher survival rates are largely due to medical treatment advances. The guidelines have changed. New guidelines could make more stroke patients eligible for treatment. Learn about the update and use our Acute Ischemic Stroke Toolkit to put them to work. Use these resources to help prevent a secondary stroke.
Many people do recover from stroke. Learn from those who met their recovery goals and find post-stroke resources. What's this? Links with this icon indicate that you are leaving the CDC website.
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